Internationale ontwikkelingen op onderzeebootgebied.

Gestart door Zeewier, 21/04/2017 | 10:51 uur

Harald

America Providing Advanced Systems For Taiwan's New Submarine  ( Maar het blijft een basis Nederlands ontwerp en nu is het een Zwaardvis 2.0/NG ..  :big-smile:  )

The U.S Navy represent the pinnacle of submarine technology. With a few notable exceptions, this is not exported. Now Taiwan, which has unveiled its first locally designed submarine, is relying on some key elements of American tech.

Taiwan held the launch ceremony of its first indigenous submarine, Hai Kun, in the port city of Kaohsiung on September 28 2023.

An analysis of imagery confirms that the  submarine is based on the Hai Lung-class already in service. The Hai Lungs are generally well balanced boats which form a solid starting point for Taiwan's to develop its own submarines.

The Hai Kun-class is essentially a reverse engineered Hai Lung (Zwaardvis) class with a few visible differences. The submarine has been brought up to date however with the incorporation of modern U.S. supplied systems.

Dutch Design Lineage, Updated
Taiwan received two Hai Lungs from the Netherlands in the 1980s. Their design is based on the Dutch Zwaardvis-class, which itself is derived from the U.S. Navy's Barbel-class. So in design terms the new boat is directly descended from the American and Dutch lineage.

Despite this, there has been widespread speculation in media that the submarines are in some way based on Japanese types. While reports that Japanese engineers provided assistance may be true, the extent of the design influence is overstated. Coincidentally modern Japanese submarines are also descended from the Barbel lineage so have some similar design choices.

Even today the basic pattern of the Zwaardvis remains valid. They are seagoing designs suitable for relatively long patrols. They can be characterized as having a relatively large weapons load, ample crew accommodation, and space for three diesel generators. This latter feature allows for rapid recharging of the batteries.

Although the Hai Kun-class' basis is Dutch, the design, construction and equipment is a local project. Inside there are many new systems replacing the 1980s technology of the Hai Lungs.

America Providing Key Systems to Taiwan
Externally the Hai Kun-class can be differentiated from the earlier Hai Lungs by the switch to X-form rudders. It also has a more modern blended sail, which is built around a modern mast system.

The masts are supplied by L3 Harris and are expected to include electro-optical 'periscopes'. These masts, which are similar to the ones aboard the U.S. Navy's Virginia-class, have several advantages. They do not penetrate the hull so they are safer for the boat if it accidentally hits a ship.  This happens frequently enough to be a real concern with traditional periscopes which go into the hull. When they hit something they can bend and cause leaks where they meet the hull. The new system is completely outside the hull so this will not happen.

Another advantage is that they are modular, meaning that new masts can easily be switched in or out. And the modern optics means that the periscope doesn't have to be raised for as long, so it is less likely to be detected.

Heavy Armament
The submarine will be armed with the U.S. supplied MK-48 Mod6 Advanced Technology (AT) heavyweight torpedoes. 18 were approved for sale to Taiwan in 2020. These weapons, while not the latest model, are thoroughly modern. Their carriage will provide both anti-ship and anti-submarine capabilities.

The torpedoes are expected to be complemented by the submarine-launched version of the U.S. Navy's famous Harpoon anti-ship missile. The UGM-84 Sub-Harpoon is already in service with Taiwan aboard the Hai Lunch-class.

The weapons are integrated into a combat management system supplied by Lockheed Martin. This is fed target data from the submarine's primary sensor, a sonar suite supplied by Raytheon. This features a bow array below the torpedo tubes, and large flank arrays running along either side.

Taiwan will be rightly proud of the achievement of designing and building its first submarine. Naturally in such an endeavor many key systems have to be imported. And America is providing the most conspicuous elements which promise to make it a potent fighting machine.

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/10/america-providing-advanced-systems-for-taiwan-new-submarine/


https://www.navalnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Taiwan-Hai-Kun-IDS-Submarine-Cutaway-scaled.jpg

Taiwan's new submarine, the Hai Kun class, features a number of American systems. These include the sonar, weapons, combat system and masts. The submarine retains much of the overall design of the Dutch build Zwaardvis class.

Harald

UK MoD Awards SSN-AUKUS Submarine Design Contracts

The UK Ministry of Defence awarded contracts for the detailed design of the SSN-AUKUS next generation submarine to BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce and Babcock.

UK MoD press release

UK businesses will be behind the design and manufacture of the world's most advanced submarines, following the awarding of £4 billion of contracts today [1 October].

The signing of the Detailed Design and Long Leads (D2L2) Phase with BAE Systems (BAES), Rolls-Royce and Babcock Marine represents a significant milestone for both the UK and the trilateral AUKUS programme as a whole, in the lead up to build the future class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, known as SSN-AUKUS.

The contracts totalling £4 billion will progress the programme through the design, prototyping and purchase of main long lead components for the first UK submarines, allowing construction to commence in the coming years and ensure the stability and resilience of our domestic supply chain.

Building on more than 60 years of British expertise in designing, building and operating nuclear-powered submarines, the D2L2 contracts will support thousands of highly skilled jobs in the UK – a clear demonstration of how the AUKUS programme supports the Prime Minister's priority to grow the economy.

Alongside the design development and long-lead procurement, infrastructure at the submarine shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness and the nuclear reactor manufacturing site in Raynesway, Derby will be developed and expanded where needed to meet the requirement of the future submarine build programme.

The aim is to deliver the first UK submarines into service in the late 2030s to replace the current Astute-Class vessels, and the first Australian submarines will follow in the early 2040s. They will be the largest, most advanced and most powerful attack submarines ever operated by the Royal Navy, combining world-leading sensors, design and weaponry in one vessel.

Construction of the UK's submarines will take place principally in Barrow-in-Furness, while Australia will work over the next decade to build up its submarine industrial base, and will build its submarines in Australia with Rolls-Royce supplying the nuclear reactors for all UK and Australian submarines.

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/10/uk-mod-awards-ssn-aukus-submarine-design-contracts/

Ace1

Citaat van: Huzaar1 op 28/09/2023 | 19:13 uurIs dit een evolutie van de zwaardvis?

Ik vermoed een mix van de Zwaardvis klasse en Barbel klasse voorzien van een X roer.

https://marineschepen.nl/schepen/zwaardvis-1972.html

Huzaar1

"Going to war without France is like going deer hunting without your accordion" US secmindef - Jed Babbin"

Harald

Taiwan Unveils Its First Indigenous Defense Submarine

Taiwan's silent service enters a new dawn with the unveiling of the long awaited domestically-built submarine.

On September 28, the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) christened the first Indigenous Defense Submarine (IDS), the future ROCS Hai Kung (SS-711). According to the official explanation, while "Hai" refers to "Sea", "Kung" refers to the island of Taiwan in an elegant way. It also has the meanings of "big", "stealthy" and "unpredictable", a perfect name for a new class of attack submarine.

Currently, the ROCN operates a fleet of 4 submarines, which consists of a pair of Hai Lung-class and a pair of Hai Shih class submarines. The 2 Hai Lung-class submarines were built in the 80s by the Netherlands and are considered as the primary backbone of the ROCN's undersea warfare capability; meanwhile, the 2 Hai Shih-class are a pair of World War II US Navy subs which received the GUPPY II (Greater Underwater Propulsive Power Program) upgrades before commissioned as ROCN vessels in the 70s. In addition, the ROCS Hai Shih (SS-791) is currently the oldest operating submarine in the world with close to 80 years of service. To modernize the submarine fleet, the ROCN pushed to go ahead with the IDS program in 2016.

Hai Kung began her construction in CSBC's Kaohsiung shipyard on 24th November, 2020. As part of the "Domestic Ship, Domestically Built" policy, Taiwan was trying to establish a domestic submarine industry to satisfy the ROCN's operational needs as well as securing the necessary capabilities and know-how to build domestic submarines. In the future, Hai Kung will serve as a prototype ship for her class, with up to 7 possible follow-on ships in the future.

At first glance, the Hai Kung's configuration appears to be an evolution of the Dutch Walrus class with a hybrid single / double hull, and some notable common features such as the X rudder. She features 6 torpedo tubes which were covered by the flag and banners, unseen by the public during the christening ceremony.

Foreign equipment aboard Indigenous Defense Submarine

Although a domestic submarine, most of the major mission-critical systems and subsystems of the IDS are provided by numerous foreign contractors with long and solid experience in the submarine industry. In this year's Taipei Aerospace & Defense Technology Exhibition, the sales representative from L3 Harris mentioned that the company is providing the IDS program with multiple products. As a critical US and international submarine Mast Raising Equipment provider, systems such as Optronics, ESM, Radar and communication masts could be found on the IDS, along with Integrated Communication System and Integrated Platform Management System, etc.



As for the most important undersea warfare tool of a submarine, RTX (then-raytheon)'s Spherical Sonar System and other unspecified sonar arrays based around the company's Modular Scalable Sonar System (MS3) architecture were integrated into the IDS design. However, according to some sources, the IDS, at least for the prototype, will not feature a Towed Array as the Taiwanese were concerned that including such system might force the design team to greatly modify the whole existing design, so it was rejected from the final design.


Although covered by the banner, the silhouette of the flank sonar array could be roughly seen in this photo

Originally, the IDS would feature a license-produced ZOKA Torpedo Countermeasure System from ASELSAN, a Turkish defense contractor; however, as the Turkish government was tied by political factors, this plan didn't go forward. Instead, after analyzing the ZOKA system, the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science & Technology was able to develop a domestic Torpedo Countermeasure System and integrating it into the IDS with two 6 shot canisters mounted on each side of the submarine, enabling the IDS to counter active and passive homing torpedos with soft kill capability.

What's next?

Hai Kung's harbor acceptance trials should take place on October 1st. Due to the fact that L3 Harris is still struggling with the production and supply chain issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which affected the Mast Raising Equipment's production schedule, they should be delivered and installed on the Hai Kung by early next year, right before the submarine conducts her first sea trials in April. If all goes well, the first Taiwanese domestic submarine should be delivered to the Taiwanese navy before 2026.

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/09/taiwan-unveils-its-first-indigenous-defense-submarine/

Harald

Taiwan presenteert eerste nieuwe onderzeeboot

Vandaag is in Kaohsiung City de eerste door Taiwan zelf ontworpen en gebouwde onderzeeboot onthuld. Dit gebeurde in het bijzijn van president Tsai Ing-wen. Het prototype heeft de naam Hai Kun en is de eerste onderzeeboot in een serie van acht. Het ontwerp van de Hai Kun is gebaseerd op de door Nederland gebouwde Hai Lung en is daarmee verre familie van de onderzeeboten van de Zwaardvis- en Walrusklassen.



.../...

https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Taiwan-presenteert-nieuwe-onderzeeboot-280923.html

Harald

South Korea To Develop New VLS And SLBM For Its Submarines

According to the request for proposal (RFP) posted by the South Korean Agency for Defense Development (ADD), the new VLS prototype's Required Operational Capability (ROC) involves delivering a submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM) with an ejection weight of at least 10 tons.



On September 1st, South Korea's ADD posted an RFP for the prototype of its "High-performance Large Underwater Launch System." The RFP outlines plans to develop and deploy the prototype of the new VLS by 2027. The latest 3000-ton KSS-III Batch-I submarine (Dosan Ahn Chang-ho class), which currently has six VLS cells capable of firing Hyunmoo-IV-4 SLBMs and has already successfully completed two test fires, could potentially be retrofitted to accommodate this system once developed. Additionally, the follow-on class known as KSS-III Batch-II, currently being constructed by Hanwha Ocean and featuring ten VLS cells, could also be a recipient of this new system due to its larger size and enhanced capabilities.

In the disclosed RFP, ADD did not specify the target performance of the prototype. However, given that the missile ejection weight is noted as "00,000kg", it is reasonable to anticipate that the weight of the missile loaded on this new system will be at least 10 tons. The missile ejection weight of the recently tested Hyunmoo-IV-4, loaded on the KSS-III Batch-I, is known to be around 5.4 tons with a 1-ton warhead. Given that the new missile ejection weight exceeds 10 tons, there is strong speculation that it could be an SLBM version of the Hyunmoo-V ballistic missile, which is known to have the heaviest conventional warhead and is larger than the Hyunmoo-IV-4. The Hyunmoo-V has concluded its development phase with test launches earlier this year and is awaiting mass production at the end of this year.

Additionally, the defined launch depth is noted as "000m", "opening/closing time of the hatch to be 00 seconds at underwater 000m depth condition" and "water pressure withstand 00bar on the outer hatch". This could indicates that the new system is expected to launch the missile from the deep sea. It has to be noted however that most submarines typically launch their missiles (anti-ship, land attack or SLBM) at or near the periscope depth. Launching a SLBM from a depth of 100 meters is technically possible if the missile is encapsulated (to protect it from water pressure), but such a requirement complicates things greatly...

According to the RFP, the primary task for the defense companies participating in the program is to develop the main equipment, which includes a launch tube, launch control device, canister (cylindrical tube), and mixed gas generator. The planned deadline for development is June 2027, with the manufacture of the prototype starting in December of this year. Land ejection is planned for July to September 2025, and underwater ejection tests are scheduled from November 2025 to March 2026.

The concept image of the launch platform and system, shared by ADD, depicts a round warhead, which is typically associated with Multiple Independently targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) that can deliver multiple warheads through a single ballistic missile. Since this is a mock rendering intended to simulate the mounted armament, determining the missile's function or objective is challenging. Nevertheless, the development of a new, powerful SLBM and sophisticated launch system for the ROK Navy's latest over-3000-ton KSS-III vessels sends a message that the Republic of Korea is engaged in the SLBM arms race to secure peace and balance in the region.

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/09/south-korea-to-develop-new-vls-and-slbm-for-its-submarines/#prettyPhoto

Harald

Maar even hier geplaatst

Drie doden bij ongeluk Zuid-Afrikaanse onderzeeboot

Woensdag zijn tijdens een oefening zeven bemanningsleden van de Zuid-Afrikaanse onderzeeboot SAS Manthatisi overboord geslagen. Vier personen konden worden gered, drie bemanningsleden kwamen om. Onder de drie doden is de oudste officier van de onderzeeboot. Zij was de eerste vrouwelijke navigatieofficier op onderzeeboten van de Zuid-Afrikaanse marine.

.../...

https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Drie-doden-bij-ongeluk-Zuid-Afrikaanse-onderzeeboot-220923.html

Harald

South Korea Pitches KSS-III Submarine To Poland

During MSPO 2023 in Kielce, South Korea's Hanwha Group presented the KSS-III Batch II submarine as a proposal for the Orka program. Orka calls for the procurement of new submarines for the Polish Navy.

.../...

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/09/south-korea-pitches-kss-iii-submarine-to-poland/

Harald

Taiwan Navy to test its first indigenous submarine at end of month

According to information published by Nikkei Asia on September 17, 2023, Taiwan has disclosed its plans to test its first domestically produced submarine.

Currently, Taiwan's naval assets comprise two submarines from the 1980s, designed in the Netherlands. Over the years, various challenges, both internal and external, have impeded the nation's ambition to develop its submarine fleet. However, a renewed emphasis emerged in 2016, propelling efforts towards domestic submarine production.

The new diesel-electric submarine, outfitted with MK-48 torpedoes, is the first in a series of planned additions. Testing is set to commence on Sept. 28, followed by harbor acceptance trials starting Oct. 1.

These preliminary evaluations are expected to wrap up by April 1, 2024. The subsequent sea acceptance tests are on the horizon, though their specific timeline remains undetermined. The goal is for the submarine to join the naval fleet by the following year.

Taiwan has plans to roll out another seven submarines of a similar design, which will increase its fleet size to ten. This expansion is anticipated to enhance Taiwan's maritime strategy and positioning.

Technical data

Taiwan's Indigenous Defense Submarine has a submerged displacement of over 2,500 metric tons, equivalent to 2,460 long tons or 2,760 short tons. The submarine can reach dive depths between 350 to 420 meters.

The vessel measures 70 meters in length, corresponding to 230 feet as per the 3.05 version, and has a width of 8 meters, which is 26 feet based on the 3.05 version.

https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2023/september/13579-taiwan-navy-to-test-its-first-indigenous-submarine-at-end-of-month.html

Harald

NSM Meets Future Operational Needs

The big picture for anti-ship missiles was clearly changing in recent years, particularly because of the ramp-up of several new programmes to add a land attack capability. The challenges can be taken from emerging threats ashore. To keep today's anti-shipping capabilities in shape, naval forces need to find alternatives to avoid dramatic obsolescence risks, replacing huge inventories of legacy systems like Exocet MM38s or Harpoons/Sub-Harpoons. Arguably the biggest challenge is to replace the variety of systems that do not cope with present day needs: battlespace dominance (neutralisation of land and sea denial systems) and power projection ashore, directed at time-critical targets such as relocatable assets.

New sophisticated candidates, like Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace's Naval Strike Missile (NSM), are set to cope with the extended mission roles of the next generation of naval assets, including submerged platforms and shipboard aviation. The NSM is Norway's answer to the navies' growing demand for a longer-range precision strike weapon. It will out-range many legacy systems: surface warships of any size and type can carry NSM in its vertical launch (VL) variant – also named VL-JSM (VL-Joint Strike Missile); shipboard helicopters can deploy the air-launched version (JSM); road-mobile launchers ashore can employ the coastal defence variant of NSM to counter targets at sea; and submarines may be fitted with NSM-SL.

Kongsberg seems to be very happy with the development so far. "Every variant is optimised for its market," according to the manufacturer in summer 2017, adding that it is the world's only fifth-generation naval strike missile with a land target capability. The selection in summer 2017 of the Raytheon/Kongsberg Naval Strike Missile (NSM) positions it as the US Navy's (USN) over-the-horizon (OTH) weapon system for its Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) variants. It calls for an over-the-horizon anti-ship and low-level, terrain-following land attack capability. NSM appears to be the designated 'government-furnished equipment' weapon (canister-launched OTH weapon with fire control system) on the still conceptual, but quickly evolving FF(G)X class frigates of the USN.

This scheme also addresses the underwater warfare environment for which Kongsberg offers a submarine-launched version, the NSM-SL. It attracts the interest of the German Navy, which is progressing with evaluating its integration in the next generation of submarines – 212CD (Common Design) – to be built for both the German and Royal Norwegian Navies. The development schedule for NSM to cope with both countries' requirements for a surface ship- and submarine-launched missile has been accelerated following the announcement by the countries' Ministries of Defence (MoDs) in February 2017 to extend naval cooperation from submarines to anti-surface missiles. Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace confirmed in May 2017 that for NSM-SL it has conducted a feasibility study in cooperation with selected industry partners to illustrate the potential for a low-risk, affordable adaptation programme.

Meeting the German requirements for a submarine-launched anti-ship missile with land attack capability for the next generation of submarines, the NSM-SL offers a 200+km (>108nm) operational range.

https://monch.com/dsei-kongsberg-nsm/



Harald

Bouw nieuwe Noorse en Duitse onderzeeboten begonnen

Afgelopen dinsdag is de bouw van de nieuwe type 212CD onderzeeboten voor de Duitse en Noorse marine begonnen. In Kiel werd in, de door ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (tkMS) nieuwgebouwde hal, het eerste staal gesneden. In totaal worden er zes onderzeeboten gebouwd, waarvan de eerste in 2029 opgeleverd moet worden.

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https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Bouw-nieuwe-Noorse-en-Duitse-onderzeeboten-begonnen-140923.html

Huzaar1

"Going to war without France is like going deer hunting without your accordion" US secmindef - Jed Babbin"

ARM-WAP

Citaat van: Lynxian op 08/09/2023 | 11:02 uurIk heb 0 verstand van het bouwen van subs: is dit met hun beperkte middelen nou enorm indrukwekkend of lachwekkend?
Het antwoord zit hierin:
"A very deep rework of an ancient Cold War-era Romeo class diesel-electric submarine".
Héél oude sub:
"North Korea operates 20 Romeo class submarines.
Seven were directly imported from China between 1973 and 1975, and the remainder locally assembled with Chinese supplied parts between 1976 and 1995."
De "jongste" is dus al 28 jaar oud.

Parera

Citaat van: Lynxian op 08/09/2023 | 11:02 uurIk heb 0 verstand van het bouwen van subs: is dit met hun beperkte middelen nou enorm indrukwekkend of lachwekkend?

Het is geen nieuwe boot maar een van hun oudere boten die aangepast is voor het lanceren van ballistische raketten.