Het project Galileo

Gestart door Ros, 29/12/2005 | 13:19 uur

Sparkplug

A fighter without a gun . . . is like an airplane without a wing.

-- Brigadier General Robin Olds, USAF.

Zander

Citaat van: Sparkplug op 22/05/2018 | 13:58 uur
UK prepares to be excluded from Galileo

http://www.janes.com/article/80222/uk-prepares-to-be-excluded-from-galileo

Au!!
Maar zoals ik het lees hebben de Britten reeds een fors bedrag bijgedragen aan de ontwikkeling van het systeem.
Als ik hen was zou ik deze, gemaakte kosten, direct terug vorderen van de EU.
Daarnaast ben ik van mening dat de Britten niet teveel buitenspel gezet moeten worden. Ze hebben ook een aanzienlijk aandeel in onze collectieve verdediging. Op een bepaald moment zullen ze ook op dat gebied "nee" aan ons gaan verkopen.
People are sheep

Sparkplug

A fighter without a gun . . . is like an airplane without a wing.

-- Brigadier General Robin Olds, USAF.

A.J.

Citaat van: Thomasen op 09/05/2018 | 14:29 uur
Gelukkig zijn de betere frequenties ook nog niet ingepikt  >:( Lekker op ETRS84 draaien (ipv WGS84), lekker veilig op je eiland.

Ik neem aan dat je ETRS89 bedoelt?

ARM-WAP

Idd een loze waarschuwing van de UK.
Ze gaan die 350m/dag nog hard nodig hebben hier.

Interessant hoe veel Lords gisteren (nog maar eens) een signaal gegeven hebben "Brexit: Peers call for UK to remain in European Economic Area"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44038476

Sparkplug

A fighter without a gun . . . is like an airplane without a wing.

-- Brigadier General Robin Olds, USAF.

Ronald Elzenga

Top! Putting #EUrope first!

dudge

Het heeft even geduurd, maar mooi dat het eindelijk zo ver is!

Sparkplug

EU's Galileo satnav system goes online

Brooks Tigner, Brussels - IHS Jane's Defence Weekly - 15 December 2016

Galileo, the EU-owned satellite navigation system, declared its initial operating capability on 15 December.

Aside from its civilian locational- and time-dependent users, the system provides a secure channel, known as its 'public regulated service' (PRS) for Europe's public-sector users, from first responders to intelligence services to the military.

According to the European Commission, the PRS will offer a "particularly robust and fully encrypted service" in cases of national emergencies, crisis situations such as terrorist attacks, border management, and peace-keeping operations. New satellites will be launched to enlarge Galileo's constellation, which is expected to reach full operational capability in 2020.

(99 words)

http://www.janes.com/article/66286/eu-s-galileo-satnav-system-goes-online
A fighter without a gun . . . is like an airplane without a wing.

-- Brigadier General Robin Olds, USAF.

Sparkplug

Deliveries Well Underway for Europe's Satellite Navigation System

Source: Forecast International; issued September 20, 2016

NEWTOWN, Conn. --- Galileo satellites have begun to be delivered into orbit. Although the first two were inserted into the wrong orbit due to a Soyuz launch vehicle anomaly, their orbits were eventually corrected enough to allow them to be valid parts of the overall constellation.

The first 26 Galileo satellites are being built under two contract awards to OHB System AG. The first was awarded in January 2010. The EUR566 million award will cover the production of 14 satellites. The second contract was awarded in February 2012. It is worth EUR255 million and covers the production of eight satellites.

Along with four in-orbit validation satellites, these contracts bring the total number of satellites under contract to 26. These satellites are expected to be delivered by 2018.

ESA also intends to award a contract for eight additional spacecraft. Original plans called for a total of 30 satellites. However, cost overruns meant that the final four satellites were not ordered with the first batch. The new contract will enable ESA to reach its goal of operating a network of 30 satellites, and will offer the space agency a chance to replace older spacecraft. The satellites under the new contract are expected to be delivered in 2019 and 2020.

With an expected 12-year lifespan, aging in-orbit Galileo satellites will start to need replacement early in the next decade. Deliveries are expected to begin around 2024.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/177176/deliveries-well-underway-for-europe%27s-galileo-satnav-system.html
A fighter without a gun . . . is like an airplane without a wing.

-- Brigadier General Robin Olds, USAF.

dudge

Citaat van: Elzenga op 26/05/2016 | 17:47 uur
Vind ik een goede zaak...strategisch belang voor EU...doorbouwen en uitrollen..ook voor en door Nederland.

Wel jammer, en opvallend, dat het militair belang nauwelijks benoemd kan worden.

jurrien visser (JuVi op Twitter)

Citaat van: Elzenga op 26/05/2016 | 17:47 uur
Vind ik een goede zaak...strategisch belang voor EU...doorbouwen en uitrollen..ook voor en door Nederland.

+1

Elzenga

Vind ik een goede zaak...strategisch belang voor EU...doorbouwen en uitrollen..ook voor en door Nederland.

Sparkplug

Europe A Step Closer to 'Satellite Navigation Independence' with Galileo Launch

Deutsche Welle German Radio | May 25, 2016

Europe's Galileo satellite navigation system is about halfway there. With satellites 13 and 14 now in orbit, it's another "step towards European independence" from America's GPS.

The European Space Agency (ESA) is celebrating the launch of two new Galileo satellites - 13 and 14 - that were lifted into space on a Soyuz rocket from its spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana.

In less than four hours of flight, the satellites entered orbit at close to 23,522 kilometers altitude.

ESA says the satellites will be brought into their "final working orbit" in the coming days. They will then undergo a testing phase before they join satellites one through 12 in what's called the "working constellation."

"This marks a further step towards European independence in satellite navigation," says Stephane Israel, who heads the launch firm, Arianespace.

A civil rival to GPS

Galileo is described as a "civil" global satellite navigation system to set it apart from America's Global Positioning System, which was developed by the US Defense Department.

The European system aims to offer more precise positioning than GPS. For one, it will use younger technology than GPS to achieve precision in the range of centimeters rather than meters.

At its best - that's in military use - GPS offers precision of between 3 and 6 meters. For civilian or commercial use, GPS precision lies in the region of 15 meters. And the problem, say the Europeans, is that the US refuses to open up the best of its system for civilian use.

Still, GPS is not as good as Galileo hopes to be. Europe is targeting its navigation system at commercial users to enable aeroplanes to fly on autopilot for longer periods, to guide drivers through almost any terrain, and to speed up shipping routes.

But before it can do any of that, Europe has to launch at least another 10 functioning satellites. It will need 24 satellites in the working constellation before Galileo is operational. The constellation may include up to 30 satellites.

Next launch on Ariane 5

Galileo is slowly getting back on track after a major setback in 2014 saw two satellites launched into the wrong orbit.

The launch of satellites five and six caused a delay of more than a year due to "technical difficulties." In total, the project is about 12 years behind schedule.

But Galileo scientists say they are now confident about the future. Javier Benedicto, Galileo Project Manager at ESA, says they had a "good return of experience" with the system so far.

Positioning has improved steadily since the first four satellites formed the basic constellation - the "In-Orbit Validation (IOV) satellites - in 2011 and 2012.

By the end of 2016, ESA plans to have 18 satellites in orbit. The next launch will feature four orbiters on a single rocket, Europe's own Ariane 5 ES launcher.

Russia and China also have global positioning systems - GLONASS and the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, respectively - with varying degrees of success.

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/174148/galileo-launch-brings-europe-a-step-closer-to-%27satnav-independence%27.html
A fighter without a gun . . . is like an airplane without a wing.

-- Brigadier General Robin Olds, USAF.

dudge

Why the EU should mandate the use of Galileo
Posted in: Articles on Thursday, 30th October 2014  – by Ragnar Weilandt

The release of two satellites into the wrong orbit by a Russian Soyuz launcher is just the latest in a long list of setbacks to Galileo, the European Union's (EU) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The loss of the two satellites and the decision to wait before launching the next ones will further delay the completion of the EU's alternative to the United States' (US) GPS and Russia's Glonass.

Losing a satellite is neither a rare nor a major event. Space technology requires perfection and perfection is expensive. In unmanned spaceflight, loosing a spacecraft every now and then is cheaper than using technology that is 100 percent reliable. The loss of two Galileo satellites will not have a major impact on the programme's overall costs. However, the delays induced by the incident might cause major indirect costs. In fact, any further delays put the project's overall success at risk.

The officially declared main rationale of the Galileo programme is to achieve European independence in civilian satellite navigation. According to the European Commission, about 7 percent of the EU's gross domestic product relies on services provided by satellite navigation, including critical sectors and infrastructures. Major disruptions of these services would impact industries as diverse as agriculture, transport and banking. In some sectors such as aviation or maritime transport, disruptions might even put lives in danger. At the same time, existing systems like the US' GPS or the Russian Glonass as well as those under development are under military control and their public service could theoretically be reduced or even switched off at any time.

Considering that switching of the public service of a GNSS would affect corporate and private users everywhere, including the operating states' own territory, such a scenario might seem unlikely. However, considering the major impact disruptions would have, the unwillingness to take this minor risk is understandable.

However, merely building one's own GNSS is insufficient to meet this challenge. For the EU to achieve true independence, European citizens and businesses have to be encouraged to use devices that are Galileo-enabled. In order for this to happen, such devices have to be manufactured in the first place. And this is where any further delays threaten the success of Galileo.

The EU member states' failure to create workable management structures and guarantee the funding already delayed the launch of the first satellites until 2011, the year in which the entire programme was initially scheduled to reach full operational capability. Since the European Commission took over management and ownership of the system from a failed public private partnership in 2007, the programme is more or less back on track. However, in the meantime the competing Russian Glonass system was completed and the Chinese Compass system has caught up and might be operational before Galileo.

Since Glonass is already in operation, various manufacturers have made their devices compatible to it with Apple's iPhone being the most prominent example. However, manufacturers whose devices work with GPS and Glonass have little incentive to adapt them to yet another system, let alone two of them. While the combination of data from two systems improves the precision of services, adding data from a third one does not provide relevant added value for the user.

The advances of the Chinese system makes it even more challenging to convincing manufacturers to adapt to and service-providers to use Galileo. Even if Galileo becomes available globally before Compass, it will cover the economically important Asia-Pacific region only after the Chinese system. Moreover, China will probably use much more robust methods to promote its system than the EU dares so far.

In line with its philosophy of economic liberalism, the EU has so far primarily followed a laissez-faire strategy. At most, it tried to drive demand by raising awareness in sectors that would benefit from the more precise services that Galileo is promising to provide and by supporting related research and development (R&D) activities.

However, this might not be sufficient – particularly if the completion of the system is delayed any further. And in fact the EU is the only operator of a GNSS that is willing to play by the rules of the free market. In the US, devices that use a system other than GPS have a license fee imposed on them. Russia mandates the use of Glonass in a range of sectors.

In order to achieve true independence from foreign-controlled GNSS, the EU will have to follow a similar path. The Commission should either introduce standalone legislation requiring GNSS receivers sold in the EU to be Galileo-enabled or adapt existing sectorial legislation accordingly. Galileo is currently the only system under civilian authority and very likely to remain so. In order to avoid allegations of being protectionist, EU legislation could therefore just make the use of a civilian-controlled GNSS compulsory rather than explicitly mandating Galileo.

One of the options under consideration is to adapt the E112 Directive, which requires mobile phone networks to provide free emergency services and to transmit the location data of the caller. The data currently submitted is rather imprecise and of limited help to emergency centres. Mandating the submission of Galileo location data would not only help emergency services, but also promote the system's use through the backdoor. Moreover, critical infrastructure such as aviation could be forced to use the European system rather than GPS.

Mandating Galileo seems to be the only way to ensure European independence from foreign satellite navigation systems. Even if it involves compromising the Union's free market ideals, the Commission should follow that path.

http://www.europeangeostrategy.org/2014/10/eu-mandate-use-galileo/