Internationale Helicopter ontwikkelingen

[Harald]

Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence Has Taken A Decision to Procure New UH-60M Black Hawk Utility Helicopters

https://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/206759/lithuania-to-retire-mi_8-helicopters%2C-buy-black-hawks%3A-mod.html

[Harald]

https://www.aereo.jor.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/FARA-1024x524.jpg

Alle 4 ontwerpen voor het U.S. Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) programma

[Harald]

Karem Aircraft unveils its design for US Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA)

Karem Aircraft unveiled its vision for the U.S. Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) program:  a rigid main rotor helicopter with a rotating wing and a rotating tail rotor, named AR40.

The AR40 aircraft has a 12.2m (40ft) wingspan – wider than the helicopter's 11m main rotor diameter. The wing can provide the majority of the aircraft's lift and tilts upwards during the helicopter's descent or ascent in order to make its vertical flight more aerodynamic.

The AR40 also has a swiveling tail rotor, which in forward flight is angled backwards to be used as a pusher propeller. The company says in forward flight the aircraft's vertical stabiliser compensates for torque from the main rotor blades. The swiveling tail rotor should allow for the aircraft "to manoeuvre aggressively at low speeds," says Karem.

The design also has a three-blade main rotor that uses Karem's Optimum Speed Rotor technology, which was initially developed using US Army research funds to create optimal efficiency for tiltrotors in vertical or horizontal flight.

On the AR40 helicopter, the system would be used to control each individual blade as it rotates, instead of forcing the blades to move in unison as is the case with a traditional swashplate system, says Thomas Berger, director of the FARA program at Karem.

"You're able to shape the trajectory of the blade path around the azimuth," he says. "Being able to shape the trajectory gives you the possibility to get better performance, better acoustics, better reliability, automatic tracking."

Karem believes that the AR40 should be able to exceed 40 kt (333 km / h) the maximum speed required by the US Army (183 km / h).

Northrop Grumman and Raytheon partnered with Karem Aircraft on the AR40. Karem is contributing its rotor and drive technologies, and is leading the design and prototyping process. Northrop is providing production and product support, as well as avionics expertise. Raytheon is the mission systems integrator and modular open systems architect.

The Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) program was initiated by the United States Army in 2018 to develop a successor to the Bell OH-58 Kiowa scout helicopter as part of the Future Vertical Lift program.

Design contracts for FARA candidates were awarded in April 2019 to five manufacturers: AVX Aircraft (in partnership with L3Harris Technologies), Bell Helicopter, Boeing (not unveiled yet) , Karem Aircraft, and Sikorsky Aircraft  (owned by Lockheed Martin). Two of the manufacturers will be selected to proceed with their designs in 2020, and prototypes are scheduled to first fly in 2023.

http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/october/5545-karem-aircraft-unveils-its-design-for-us-army-s-future-attack-reconnaissance-aircraft-fara.html

[Harald]

AUSA 2019: Bell unveils full size mockup of Invictus 360 future reconnaissance attack helicopter

American Company Bell Textron unveils a full-size mockup of its future attack reconnaissance helicopter Invictus 360 for US Army at AUSA 2019, the Association of United States Army defense exhibition that was held in Washington D.C. Bell has launched the development of the Invictus 360 to response to the US Army's Future Armed Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) competition.

Bell Textron is in competition with four other companies including AVX Aircraft, Boeing, Karem Aircraft, and Sikorsky. The Invictus 360 will the replacement solution for the Bell OH-58D Kiowa Warriors.

The Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) program was initiated by the United States Army in 2018 to develop a successor to the Bell OH-58 Kiowa scout helicopter as part of the Future Vertical Lift program. FARA is part of the Future Vertical Lift program and its procurement is largely modeled on the Joint Multi-Role technology demonstration program. The US Army released a draft solicitation on June 22, 2018, for reconnaissance helicopter proposals, with the intent to have two flying prototype designs by 2023, which will compete for the final award. On October 3, 2018, the Army released its formal request for proposal and outlined its proposed schedule.

Combining impressive agility and lethality with a modular open systems approach and sustainability innate to its design, the Bell 360 Invictus provides a low-risk path to fulfill the U.S. Army's requirements for a Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA), providing security and battlefield situational awareness until the fight is finished.

The design of the Invictus 360 was unveiled on 1 October 2019, showing a two-seat tandem cockpit, with sighting optics and/or laser designator above a 20mm cannon gun turret at the chin position below the cockpit, mid-mounted stub wings below the shrouded rotor hub and four 12 m diameter rotor blades, an active horizontal stabiliser and a tilted and shrouded tail rotor. Missiles are mounted on integrated launchers. The rotor diameter is dictated by US Army requirements, which specified that maximum diameter for FARA candidates to allow the rotorcraft to fit between buildings on future battlefields. It will be powered by a single-engine derived from the Improved Turbine Engine Program (ITEP) by General Electric.

The US Army requirement calls for a cruising speed in excess of 330 km/h, and the 360 is intended to meet this; the 525 rotor system has been tested to exceed 370 km/h. The stub wings are intended to provide lift equivalent to approximately 50% of the weight of the aircraft at moderate to high speed. The combat radius will be 250 km with at least 90 minutes of time on station. It will use fly by wire control.

The Invictus 360 is fitted with internal and external weapons stores, including a 20 mm cannon mounted at the front, integrated munitions launcher, and support for air-launched effects integration.

https://www.armyrecognition.com/ausa_2019_news_show_daily_coverage_report_united_states/ausa_2019_bell_unveils_full_size_mockup_of_invictus_360_future_reconnaissance_attack_helicopter.html

You tube film vanaf 3:20
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3RAK_8wEuE

[Harald]

Sikorsky HH-60W Combat Rescue Helicopter: The next generation CRH has arrived.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Epa1D4zHNyU

[Sparkplug]

US Army ponders CH-47F engine alternative after T55 delays

https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/us-army-ponders-ch-47f-engine-alternative-after-t55-461546/

[Sparkplug]

VIDEO: SB-1 Defiant returns to flight after gearbox problem

https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/video-sb-1-defiant-returns-to-flight-after-gearbox-461513/

[Harald]

The AVX Aircraft Company and L3Harris debut their compound coaxial helicopter mock-up for the US Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) programme. Nelson Fisk, Principal Analyst at Jane's talks to Lynn Morgan, Pilot, SME AVX Aircraft Company.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MztdxXb_R5E

[Sparkplug]

ADEX 2019: KAI showcases Surion Marine Attack Helicopter

https://www.janes.com/article/91899/adex-2019-kai-showcases-surion-marine-attack-helicopter


A model of the Korea Aerospace Industries Surion Marine Attack Helicopter at ADEX 2019 shows the 20 mm Gatling gun and EO/IR sensor in the nose and the stub-wing-mounted hardpoints. Source: IHS Markit/Gareth Jennings

[Sparkplug]

Images emerge of naval variant of China's Z-20 helicopter

https://www.janes.com/article/91886/images-emerge-of-naval-variant-of-china-s-z-20-helicopter


Images have emerged on Chinese online forums showing a naval variant of China's Z-20 helicopter in flight. Source: Via lt.cjdby.net/

[Sparkplug]

More details emerge about China's Z-20 helicopter

https://www.janes.com/article/91881/more-details-emerge-about-china-s-z-20-helicopter


China's Z-20 helicopter is seen here during the fifth China Helicopter Exposition held from 10–13 October in the city of Tianjin. Source: Xinhua

[Harald]

Raider-X: Sikorsky's Supersized S-97 For Army Scout   (.. Sikorsky`s tegenreactie naar Bell's 360 Invictus  ... kijkend naar de looks  dan wint de Bell 360 Invictus.. (voor mij) )



Sikorsky says their Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft design will fly faster, with bigger weapons, than archrival Bell's. Bell says theirs will be cheaper and more reliable.

This morning, just in time for the AUSA 2019 conference,  Sikorsky finally unveiled their design for the Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft. The Raider-X will be a larger and more advanced version of Sikorsky's current S-97 Raider, which has been flying since 2015. Both aircraft use Sikorsky's cutting-edge – but not combat-tested – compound helicopter technology to achieve speed and range that tried-and-true conventional helicopters can't match.

So how does Raider-X, with its two coaxial, counter-rotating rotors on top and pusher propeller in back, compare to its much more traditionally designed rival, the Bell 360 Invictus, which has a single main rotor and small tail rotor for stability? In a Friday interview Friday with me and Aviation Week's Graham Warwick, one sign of Sikorsky's confidence was how eagerly its execs invited that comparison, though they spoke in generic terms about single-main-rotor helicopters rather than bashing Bell by name.

(Three other contenders received awards to propose FARA designs – Boeing, Karem, and an AVX/L3 Harris team – but we haven't covered them as extensively. That's in part because none of them has released nearly as much information. It's in part because Sikorsky and Bell clearly see each other as the main competition, being the only two companies that won Joint Multi-Role Demonstrator funding to build cutting-edge prototype aircraft).

The Need For Speed On Future Battlefields

To traverse sprawling future multi-domain battlefields and dash past enemy anti-aircraft defenses, the Army wants FARA to go fast. Even at its cruise speed – the fastest speed an aircraft can sustain long-term without damaging the engine – FARA needs to go at least 180 knots (207 mph), 16 percent faster than the AH-64 Apache gunship. The Army also wants FARA to be able to dash in emergencies at 205 knots, though that's not mandatory.

Sikorsky's engineering studies showed that, "[with] the 180 knot threshold requirement for FARA, you could get there with a single main rotor, but you were basically topped out," said Tim Malia, Sikorsky's director for Future Vertical Light – Light. That's because conventional helicopters suffer something called retreating blade stall at high speeds, which leads to exponentially increasing drag that takes exponentially more power to overcome, until it becomes physically impossible to accelerate further. (In brief, the diminishing returns diminish all the way to zero). Sikorsky's engineering studies showed that, to get a single-main-rotor helicopter to reach the speeds the Army wants, you need to squeeze every drop of power from the engine and streamline the airframe ruthlessly to reduce drag.

Indeed, when Bell briefed reporters about their FARA design two weeks ago, they detailed how they'd applied all their engineering expertise to reducing drag: from the needle nose, to the narrow tandem cockpit with one co-pilot sitting in front of the other, to the deliberately off-center tail rotor. Bell also added small wings – a feature not found on conventional helicopters — to provide more lift at higher speeds, allowing the main rotor to spend less energy providing lift and more on thrust. Even so, to get enough thrust, Bell felt compelled to include a "supplemental power unit" to boost the main engine (a GE T901 Improved Turbine Engine).

All that effort is to get the Bell 360 to sustain 180 knots. What about the 205 knots bursts of speed that the Army wants? That's not a mandatory requirement, Bell exec Keith Flail said over and over again.

By contrast, Sikorsky is confident their Raider-X can beat 205 knots – using the same GE T901 engine as the Bell 360, but with no supplemental power system. Raider doesn't need wings, either. The ultra-rigid rotors provide all the lift required at high speeds, relying on the pusher propeller to provide thrust. And, while streamlined, Raider-X's fuselage is actually fairly wide: The co-pilots are seated side-by-side – making it easier for them to see each others' displays and point things out to each other – with a cabin behind them large enough for passengers or a capacious weapons bay.

"We weren't trying to get every last bit of drag out to hit a speed requirement. We didn't need to," Malia said. "We are not doing anything cute or tricky by trying to add additional engines. We are using the power that's available from the T901, and we've got a really solid design built around it."

Sikorsky's smaller and less powerful S-97, which has the same side-by-side cockpit design, has already done 207 knots in tests, beating the Army's dash-speed requirement. The grandfather of the Sikorsky compound-helicopter family, the Collier Trophy-winning X2 tech demonstrator, managed 250. Considering this history, and reading between the lines of what Malia and other execs have said, it seems Sikorsky is actually deemphasizing speed with each new generation of compound helicopter so they can focus on optimizing other features.

Agility, Reliability, Cost, and History

It's those other features besides speed where Bell says it has the advantage: low-speed agility, mechanical reliability and ease of maintenance, and low cost.

Sikorsky counters they've put the S-97 through extensive agility testing, meeting Army standards. They say their expertise in building digital fly-by-wire controls is more than equal to Bell's. And they say their ultra-rigid rotor blades are more responsive in tight maneuvers than the relatively wobbly rotors that conventional helicopters require.

What's more, because the rigid rotors don't need to flex as much as traditional ones, the rotor hub on which they're mounted requires far fewer moving parts – all told, half as many on the Raider-X as on the UH-60 Black Hawk — which should reduce breakdowns and maintenance.

What about Raider-X's pusher propeller, a complex piece of machinery that compound helicopters have, but conventional ones don't? Well, that replaces the traditional tail rotor and its drive shaft, which are also mechanically complex. The difference, Sikorsky says, is that a single-main-rotor helicopter whose tail rotor breaks down – or is destroyed in combat – needs to make an emergency landing immediately or crash. A compound helicopter whose pusher propeller breaks or is destroyed won't be able to reach its top speeds, but it's still capable of flying home.

All that said, Bell does have a point. Single-main-rotor helicopters like their Bell 360 have been flying by the tens of thousands since the first workable helicopter – designed and piloted, ironically in this context, by Igor Sikorsky – first took off in 1939. Dual-main-rotor designs like the Boeing CH-47 Chinook – which first saw service in Vietnam — have, likewise, been flying in large numbers for decades.

By contrast, compound helicopters, which combine dual main rotors with new ultra-rigid blades and a pusher propeller, are a much newer technology – and Sikorsky has only built four of them.
◾The pioneering X2, first flown in 2008 and now retired to the Smithsonian;
◾A pair of S-97 Raiders, one of which was totaled after a software glitch caused its two sets of rotors – which are set very close together to reduce drag – to clip each other during taxiing; and
◾The SB>1 Defiant, a transport variant and potential competitor for the Army's Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft, which is three times the Raider's size and whose first flight was delayed for months by, among other things, problems building ultra-rigid blades that were big enough.

Now, the Raider-X shouldn't have the same problems of scale: At 14,000 pounds, it's only 27 percent bigger than the 11,000-pound S-97, whereas the 30,000-lb Defiant is almost three times as large. But it's still a new technology, and – assuming the Army likes the Raider-X design well enough to pay Sikorsky to build a prototype – it will be only the fifth compound helicopter Sikorsky has ever made.

To Sikorsky, the newness of the technology is a selling point. Whereas traditional single-main-rotor technology has reached the limits of its performance, Sikorsky argues, compound helicopters have decades of growth ahead. When GE next upgrades its T901 engine, for example, Raider-X could easily translate more power into more speed and payload, Malia argued, while a single-main-rotor helicopter like the Bell 360 has already reached the point of diminishing returns where increases in power probably won't translate into greater speed.

For Raider-X, he said, "the technology itself is at the beginning of its growth curve."

But new technology comes with greater risk of schedule slips and cost overruns. Today's Army is willing to abruptly disqualify competitors for a modest delay – as it proved on the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle program – and it's increasingly anxious about cost. One of the requirements for the Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft, alongside speed, is an average cost per aircraft equal to the Apache, about $30 million.

Can Sikorsky compete under that cap?

"We have done a complete affordability analysis," Malia said. "We're extraordinarily confident we will come in under the Army's cost goal."

https://breakingdefense.com/2019/10/raider-x-sikorsky-supersizes-s-97-for-army-scout/?_ga=2.132875022.1047828841.1571053157-855280167.1506406488

[Sparkplug]

Russian Helicopters to merge Mil and Kamov design bureaus

https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russian-helicopters-to-merge-mil-and-kamov-design-b-461447/

[Harald]

Bell 360 Invictus Attack / Reconnaissance helicopter.

Note four Hellfire / Brimstone missiles carried internally and eight externally. The chin-mounted weapon is a 20 mm cannon.



https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/30136/no-bells-invictus-armed-scout-helicopter-isnt-stealth-but-it-aims-to-be-fast-and-cheap

[Sparkplug]

China's Z-20 tactical helicopter uses fly-by-wire system

https://www.janes.com/article/91788/china-s-z-20-tactical-helicopter-uses-fly-by-wire-system


The Z-20 is the first Chinese-produced helicopter to use fly-by-wire flight controls, according to Chinese state media. Source: Via haohanfw.com